There are two types of matter: pure substances and mixtures.
Pure substances:
- fixed composition
- contains atoms of only 1 kind
-fixed physical and chemical properties
-fixed ratios of elements
Pure substances are divided into two more subgroups: elements and compounds
Elements:
-cannot be broken down to further substances
- examples: Helium, Carbon, and Aragon.
-made out of atoms: metals, metalloids, non-metals
Compounds:
-formed by two or more elements.
-example: water (2 hydrogen + 1 oxygen)
-examples: Methane, carbon dioxide, and sodium chloride.
-can be either covalent (organic compound) or ionic (acid, salt, base).
Mixtures:
-contain at least two substances
- not chemically combined
-can be separated into pure compounds or elements
-has a changing set of physical properties
There are two types of mixtures: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous.
Homogeneous:
-"homo" --> same
-has uniform properties and compositions throughout.
-commonly referred to as solutions
-example: table salt mixed in water
Table salt mixed into water creates a homogeneous mixture. One is unable to see the different substances when mixed together.
*it can be either a solution or a colloid*
Heterogeneous:
-"hetero" --> difference
-containing two or more substances, but not "mixed".
-contains different visible substances seen with the naked eye.
-example: cake mix and cookie dough
dried beans, rice, and vegetables mixed together is an example of a heterogeneous mixture
*heterogeneous can be either suspension or mechanical mixture.*
DIAGRAM OF MATTER
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