Separation

Separation techniques:

The components in a mixture retain identity throughout each different technique, and the more similar the components are the more difficult it is to separate the substance. The strategy is to create a process that makes the identities of properties in the component clear.

The Techniques:

• Filtration: Substances go through what is called a Porous Filter, or something simpler like filter paper, either makes the residue stay which the solid does not dissolve, and the filtrate goes through the paper.
• Floatation
• Hand Separation: mixtures separate by a magnet or sieve, usually a mechanical mixture or heterogeneous mixture.
• Evaporation: Simply the substance is boiled so that the water evaporates and the liquid substance is left.
• Crystallization: Like solid to liquid, precipitation is created as solids separating by filtration or floatation, this becomes the saturated solution of a solid. After the evaporation or cooling the substance comes out as a pure crystal (Crystal Filtered).
• Gravity Separation: ( Solids based on density) Substances are placed in a test tube and is whirled around in a centrifuge at high speeds, the denser materials go to the bottom. Gravity Separation works best with small amounts.
• Solvent Extraction: The Mechanical Mixture: Use liquid to dissolve one solid but not the other, so that the desired solid is left behind or dissolved. Solution: The solvent is soluble with the solvent already present.
• Distillation: Heating a mixture at a low-boiling point so that the components are able to volatilize. Its the process that collects and condenses flow over different speeds
• Chromatography: (Meaning colour and writing in Greek) The flow of a mixture over a material (different components flow over different speeds).
  -Mobile Phase: Sweep the sample over a stationary phase
  -Stationary Phase: A liquid soaked into a sheet or a strip of paper
  Paper Chromatography (PC): Liquid soaked up into a sheet of paper which is a stationary phase. After observation, the components appear separated (the developing spot spreads).
  Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC): A layer of an absorbent coating a sheet of plastic or glass, the components bond strongly or some bond weakly (Al²O³ or SiO², usually used).

A Short Clip of the Student Lab in Class: Paper Chromatography